Fuente: Plataforma sobre Financiamiento de Carbono para América Latina
El diseño de acciones de mitigación nacionales que integren políticas de transporte y vivienda, y proyectos locales de desarrollo urbano alrededor de sistemas de transporte, incluyendo integración vertical de políticas entre el gobierno nacional y gobiernos provinciales y municipales. Tal el caso de Colombia que presenta la Plataforma sobre Financiamiento de Carbono para América Latina, que funciona con el apoyo del BID, el Banco Mundial y otras prestigiosas instituciones, y a quien debemos este material: “Análisis Global de Buenas Prácticas” (agosto 2014).
La temática de Colombia, en especial de Bogotá, con la iniciativa de su Transmilenio, no puede no compararse con nuestro más reciente Metrobus porteño. La integración que resume este diseño de acciones de mitagación no puede menos que hacernos pensar en lo que puede hacerse al integrar políticas que consideren las tres esferas del Desarrollo Sostenible: la social, la ambiental y la económica.
Mauricio López Dardaine
Designing a NAMA that integrates national policies on transport and housing, and local projects based on urban development around transportation systems, including vertical integration of policies between national and sub-national government
Country: Colombia
Sector(s) involved:
· Transport
· Housing
Region: South America
Good Practice:
· Immediate relevance and impact
· Long term impact
· Scalable and transferable
· Leadership and political commitment
· Stakeholder participation
· Integrated into existing processes
· MRV framework
Timeframe: 2011 - 2014
Case summary:
In Colombia, the transport sector is the fastest-growing source of greenhouse gas emissions and urban areas increasingly suffer from traffic congestion and road safety concerns. The Colombian Transit Oriented Development (TOD) NAMA aims to address these issues by demonstrating how integrating urban planning and transport development in a city can reduce traffic growth by 25–36%, while improving air quality and living conditions.
Through this NAMA, the Colombian government aims to promote a more holistic approach to transport planning, with better coordination of land-use and transport systems, and their integration with social housing policy. This integration between different government agendas aims to promote public and private investment that will be channelled into pilot projects across a range of locations and interventions. Thus the project aims to promote better-designed, walkable, transit-oriented neighbourhoods and contribute to reducing household transportation costs, improving access to jobs and services, and enhancing social inclusion in the area.
A key part of the design of this NAMA includes the vertical integration between national and sub-national policies and it is estimated that if fully implemented, it has the potential to reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by between 3.6 and 5.5 MtCO2e by 2040.
Institutions involved:
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development; Ministry of Transport; Ministry of Housing, Cities and Territory; National Planning Department; Local Authorities.
In Cooperation with:
Findeter: a public, industrial and commercial State enterprise that acts as a second-tier bank to finance infrastructure projects, aimed at promoting regional and urban development for the common good, by granting loans to both public and private entities (Findeter, 2013); Center for Clean Air Policy (CCAP).
Finance:
The UK-Germany NAMA Facility has approved support of USD 20 million for technical and financial aid through the development of CIUDAT under the management of Findeter. CIUDAT is also projected to develop and execute a financial and sustainability plan to identify funding sources beyond this NAMA support. Nevertheless, the Colombia TOD NAMA is supported by a solid policy framework that has its own resources, including:
- National Public Transport Policy: Since 2002, USD 7.3 billion has been invested in this policy. Funds originate from the national budget and multilateral bank (IADB, CAF and the World Bank).
- National Affordable Housing macro-projects and free houses programs: Led by the Ministry of Housing, national government has invested USD 2.3 billion with an additional USD 2-3 billion projected for social housing (Colombia, 2013).
- Sustainable and Competitive Cities Program: Led by Findeter it has USD 500 million for investment in a pipeline of ready to-go projects (Colombia, 2013).
- Other financial sources include USD 500 million for the Cali Green Corridor (TOD project), an anticipated USD 40 million from CTF for pedestrian and cycling infrastructure and more than USD 2.5 billion for the Bogotá Metro (Colombia, 2013).
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NAMA: At the UNFCCC negotiations in Bali in 2007, developing countries agreed to develop nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs). NAMAs aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also achieving sustainable development and poverty reduction objectives. NAMAs have been loosely defined and can include individual mitigation projects and actions or comprehensive sector-wide mitigation programs.
Source: Carbon Market Watch, September 2013
********************************************************************************Este caso proviene, a su vez, de un estudio realizado por Global Good Practice Analysis on LEDS, NAMAS and MVR
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